Wiki Scholarship

Danh sách vùng đô thị châu Âu

bài viết danh sách Wikimedia
(Đổi hướng từ Danh sách các vùng đô thị châu Âu)

Danh sách này liệt kê các vùng đô thị của châu Âu dựa theo các nghiên cứu riêng rẽ của ESPON, Eurostat, Liên Hợp Quốc, OECD và "CityPopulation Studies", do đó có thể thiếu sót vài vùng đô thị như Genoa của Italia.

Các vùng đô thị

  Within the European Union
Tên vùng đô thịQuốc giaESPON 1.4.3[1]Urban Audit[2]UN WUP[3]OECD[4]Citypopulation.de[5]
Amsterdam metropolitan area  Hà Lan&00000000024970000000002.497.000[6]&00000000014432580000001.443.258 (2004)&00000000010490000000001.049.000&00000000075000000000007.500.000[6]&00000000019700000000001.970.000
Antwerp  Bỉ&00000000014060000000001.406.000[7]&0000000000938904000000938.904&0000000000965000000000965.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Athens  Hy Lạp&00000000037610000000003.761.000&00000000040133680000004.013.368 (2004)&00000000032570000000003.257.000&00000000039000000000003.900.000&00000000037750000000003.775.000
Barcelona metropolitan area  Tây Ban Nha&00000000040820000000004.082.000&00000000044406290000004.440.629&00000000050830000000005.083.000&00000000049000000000004.900.000&00000000045000000000004.500.000
Belgrade  Serbia&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000016170000000001.617.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000017500000000001.750.000
Berlin  Đức&00000000040160000000004.016.000&00000000050252720000005.025.272&00000000034500000000003.450.000&00000000060000000000006.000.000&00000000043250000000004.325.000
Bremen  Đức&00000000010770000000001.077.000&00000000012471390000001.247.139&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Greater Bristol  Anh&00000000010410000000001.041.000&00000000010710000000001.071.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Brussels-Capital Region  Bỉ&00000000026390000000002.639.000[7]&00000000018853190000001.885.319&00000000019040000000001.904.000&00000000038000000000003.800.000&00000000019100000000001.910.000
Bucharest metropolitan area  România&00000000020640000000002.064.000&00000000021761170000002.176.117&00000000019340000000001.934.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000020750000000002.075.000
Budapest metropolitan area  Hungary&00000000025230000000002.523.000&00000000024757370000002.475.737&00000000017060000000001.706.000&00000000028000000000002.800.000&00000000025250000000002.525.000
Cardiff and South Wales valleys  Anh&00000000010970000000001.097.000&0000000000861400000000861.400&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Copenhagen metropolitan area  Đan Mạch&00000000018810000000001.881.000[8]&00000000018225690000001.822.569 (2004)&00000000011860000000001.186.000&00000000024000000000002.400.000&00000000014200000000001.420.000
Donetsk  Ukraina&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&0000000000966000000000966.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000014500000000001.450.000
Dnipropetrovsk  Ukraina&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010040000000001.004.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000013600000000001.360.000
Dublin Metropolitan Area  Ireland&00000000014770000000001.477.000&00000000015344260000001.534.426 (2004)&00000000012740000000001.274.000&00000000018000000000001.800.000&00000000011000000000001.100.000
Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Region  Đức&00000000027640000000002.764.000[9]&00000000025319700000002.531.970&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&00000000056000000000005.600.000&00000000019400000000001.940.000
Greater Glasgow  Anh&00000000013950000000001.395.000&00000000017553000000001.755.300&00000000011700000000001.170.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000014300000000001.430.000
The Hague  Hà Lan&00000000014040000000001.404.000[6]&0000000000978161000000978.161 (2004)&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&00000000075000000000007.500.000[6]&00000000029000000000002.900.000[10]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region  Đức&00000000029830000000002.983.000&00000000031873380000003.187.338&00000000017860000000001.786.000&00000000046000000000004.600.000&00000000026250000000002.625.000
Helsinki Metropolitan Area  Phần Lan&00000000012850000000001.285.000&00000000012796850000001.279.685&00000000011150000000001.115.000&00000000018000000000001.800.000&00000000011200000000001.120.000
Istanbul  Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&000000001104464200000011.044.642 (2004)&000000001052500000000010.525.000&000000001140000000000011.400.000&000000001300000000000013.000.000
Katowice metropolitan area  Ba Lan&00000000030290000000003.029.000[11]&00000000027103970000002.710.397 (2004)&00000000030690000000003.069.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000024500000000002.450.000
Kazan  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000011400000000001.140.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000011400000000001.140.000
Kharkiv  Ukraina&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000014530000000001.453.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000015900000000001.590.000
Kiev metropolitan area  Ukraina&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000028050000000002.805.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000032250000000003.225.000
Kraków metropolitan area  Ba Lan&00000000012360000000001.236.000&00000000012764380000001.276.438&0000000000756000000000756.000&00000000021000000000002.100.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
West Yorkshire (Bradford & Leeds)  Anh&00000000023020000000002.302.000&00000000023933000000002.393.300 (2004)&00000000015470000000001.547.000&00000000021000000000002.100.000&00000000022500000000002.250.000
Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai  Pháp/
  Bỉ		&00000000013790000000001.379.000[12]&00000000012231730000001.223.173 (2004)&00000000010330000000001.033.000&00000000026000000000002.600.000&00000000012400000000001.240.000[13]
Lisbon Metropolitan Area  Bồ Đào Nha&00000000025910000000002.591.000&00000000024674840000002.467.484&00000000028240000000002.824.000&00000000027000000000002.700.000&00000000025750000000002.575.000
Liverpool  Anh&00000000022410000000002.241.000&00000000013502000000001.350.200&0000000000819000000000819.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000013500000000001.350.000
Łódź  Ba Lan&00000000011650000000001.165.000&00000000011394050000001.139.405&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Greater London  Anh&000000001370900000000013.709.000&000000001231780000000012.317.800&00000000086310000000008.631.000&00000000074000000000007.400.000&000000001250000000000012.500.000
Lyon  Pháp&00000000016690000000001.669.000&00000000017482710000001.748.271 (2004)&00000000014680000000001.468.000&00000000016000000000001.600.000&00000000014700000000001.470.000
Madrid metropolitan area  Tây Ban Nha&00000000052630000000005.263.000&00000000062716380000006.271.638&00000000058510000000005.851.000&00000000056000000000005.600.000&00000000065000000000006.500.000
Greater Manchester  Anh Quốc&00000000025560000000002.556.000&00000000025800000000002.580.000&00000000022530000000002.253.000&00000000025000000000002.500.000&00000000026250000000002.625.000
Marseille  Pháp&00000000015300000000001.530.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000014690000000001.469.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000014700000000001.470.000
Milan metropolitan area  Ý&00000000041360000000004.136.000[14]&00000000030766430000003.076.643&00000000031153920000003.115.392&00000000074000000000007.400.000&00000000045750000000004.575.000
Minsk  Belarus&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000018520000000001.852.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000018600000000001.860.000
Moscow metropolitan area  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&000000001055000000000010.550.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&000000001480000000000014.800.000
Munich  Đức&00000000026650000000002.665.000[15]&00000000026448070000002.644.807&00000000013490000000001.349.000&00000000061000000000006.100.000&00000000020250000000002.025.000
Naples metropolitan area  Ý&00000000029050000000002.905.000[16]&00000000022393300000002.239.330&00000000022760000000002.276.000&00000000031000000000003.100.000&00000000041500000000004.150.000
Nice  Pháp&00000000010820000000001.082.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&0000000000941000000000941.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data
Nizhniy Novgorod  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000012670000000001.267.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000017600000000001.760.000
Nottingham-Derby  Anh&00000000015340000000001.534.000&0000000000856900000000856.900&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Nuremberg  Đức&00000000014430000000001.443.000&00000000012990160000001.299.016&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010600000000001.060.000
Odessa  Ukraina&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010090000000001.009.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010700000000001.070.000
Greater Oslo  Na Uy&00000000010370000000001.037.000&00000000011622550000001.162.255&0000000000888000000000888.000&00000000017000000000001.700.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Paris metropolitan area  Pháp&000000001117500000000011.175.000&000000001153240900000011.532.409 (2004)&000000001048500000000010.485.000&000000001120000000000011.200.000&000000001050000000000010.500.000
Perm  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&0000000000982000000000982.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010400000000001.040.000
Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto  Bồ Đào Nha&00000000012450000000001.245.000[17]&00000000011099900000001.109.990&00000000013550000000001.355.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000012400000000001.240.000
Portsmouth-Southampton  Anh&00000000015470000000001.547.000&0000000000506800000000506.800[18]&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Prague  Cộng hòa Séc&00000000016690000000001.669.000&00000000020992820000002.099.282&00000000011620000000001.162.000&00000000023000000000002.300.000&00000000013900000000001.390.000
Rhein-Nord[19] (Düsseldorf-Neuss)  Đức&00000000030730000000003.073.000[20]&00000000015270180000001.527.018[21]&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&000000001340000000000013.400.000[20]&00000000012200000000001.220.000[21]
Rhein-Süd[19] (Cologne/Bonn Region)  Đức&00000000030700000000003.070.000[20]&00000000018984380000001.898.438[22]&00000000010010000000001.001.000[22]&000000001340000000000013.400.000[20]&00000000019000000000001.900.000[22]
Riga  Latvia&00000000011950000000001.195.000&00000000010039490000001.003.949 (2004)&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Rome metropolitan area  Ý&00000000031900000000003.190.000&00000000036951480000003.695.148&00000000033620000000003.362.000&00000000037000000000003.700.000&00000000033000000000003.300.000
Rostov-on-Don  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010460000000001.046.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000011900000000001.190.000
Rotterdam  Hà Lan&00000000019040000000001.904.000[6]&00000000011868180000001.186.818 (2004)&00000000010100000000001.010.000&00000000075000000000007.500.000[6]&00000000029000000000002.900.000[23]
Ruhr area[19] (Essen – Bochum – Dortmund)  Đức&00000000053760000000005.376.000[20]&00000000052031000000005.203.100&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&000000001340000000000013.400.000[20]&00000000046500000000004.650.000[24]
Saarbrücken - Forbach  Đức/
  Pháp		&00000000011020000000001.102.000&0000000000832617000000832.617&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Saint Petersburg  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000045750000000004.575.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000047750000000004.775.000
Samara  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000011310000000001.131.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000012700000000001.270.000
Saratov  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&0000000000822000000000822.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010700000000001.070.000
Sevilla  Tây Ban Nha&00000000011800000000001.180.000[25]&00000000013070970000001.307.097&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000013400000000001.340.000
Sofia  Bulgaria&00000000011740000000001.174.000&00000000013347820000001.334.782&00000000011960000000001.196.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000012600000000001.260.000
Metropolitan Stockholm  Thụy Điển&00000000021710000000002.171.000&00000000019812630000001.981.263&00000000012850000000001.285.000&00000000022000000000002.200.000&00000000020750000000002.075.000
South Yorkshire (Sheffield)  Anh&00000000015690000000001.569.000&00000000013086000000001.308.600&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000013300000000001.330.000
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region  Đức&00000000022890000000002.289.000&00000000026745270000002.674.527&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&00000000027000000000002.700.000&00000000019800000000001.980.000
Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area  Hy Lạp&00000000010520000000001.052.000&0000000000995766000000995.766 (2004)&0000000000837000000000837.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Turin metropolitan area  Ý&00000000016010000000001.601.000[26]&00000000017737470000001.773.747&00000000016650000000001.665.000&00000000022000000000002.200.000&00000000016900000000001.690.000
Newcastle-Sunderland  Anh&00000000015990000000001.599.000&00000000010674000000001.067.400&0000000000891000000000891.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000011100000000001.110.000
Ufa  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010230000000001.023.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000010400000000001.040.000
Valencia  Tây Ban Nha&00000000013980000000001.398.000 [27]&00000000016706820000001.670.682&0000000000814000000000814.000&00000000023000000000002.300.000&00000000017800000000001.780.000
Viên  Áo&00000000025840000000002.584.000&00000000022859880000002.285.988&00000000017060000000001.706.000&00000000022000000000002.200.000&00000000020250000000002.025.000
Volgograd  Nga&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&0000000000977000000000977.000&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&00000000013600000000001.360.000
Warsaw metropolitan area  Ba Lan&00000000027850000000002.785.000&00000000027268290000002.726.829&00000000017120000000001.712.000&00000000030000000000003.000.000&00000000022250000000002.225.000
West Midlands (Birmingham)  Anh&00000000036830000000003.683.000&00000000024019000000002.401.900&00000000023020000000002.302.000&00000000026000000000002.600.000&00000000026500000000002.650.000
Zagreb  Croatia&00000000011071150000001.107.115&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000No data&-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000Not listed
Zürich metropolitan area  Thụy Sĩ&00000000016150000000001.615.000&00000000011606870000001.160.687&00000000011500000000001.150.000&00000000025000000000002.500.000&00000000011800000000001.180.000

Các vùng đô thị đa trung tâm

(Europe without Commonwealth of Independent States và Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ)

RankAreaStatePopulation[28]
1Luân Đôn  Anh13,709,000
2Rhine-Ruhr  Đức12,190,000
3Paris  Pháp11,175,000
4Randstad  Hà Lan6,787,000
5Milan  Ý5,963,000
6Katowice (Silesian metropolitan area)  Ba Lan/  Cộng hòa Séc5,294,000
7Madrid  Tây Ban Nha5,263,000
8Flemish Diamond  Bỉ5,103,000
9Barcelona  Tây Ban Nha4,251,000
10Frankfurt Rhine-Main  Đức4,149,000
11Napoli polycentric metropolitan area  Ý3,714,000
12Viên-Bratislava  Áo/  Slovakia3,368,000
13Munich-Augsburg  Đức3,271,000
14Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai  Pháp/  Bỉ3,115,000
15Liege-Aachen-Heerlen  Bỉ/  Đức/   Hà Lan3,060,000

Tham khảo

  1. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) Lưu trữ 2015-09-24 tại Wayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007)
  2. ^ Eurostat, Total population in Urban Audit cities, Larger Urban Zone, accessed on 2009-06-23. Data for 2009 unless otherwise noted.
  3. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Urbanization Prospects (2009 revision) Lưu trữ 2013-10-31 tại Wayback Machine, (United Nations, 2010), Table A.12. Data for 2007.
  4. ^ Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Competitive Cities in the Global Economy, OECD Territorial Reviews, (OECD Publishing, 2006), Table 1.1
  5. ^ Thomas Brinkoff, Principal Agglomerations of the World, accessed on 2009-03-12. Data for 2011-04-01.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.
  7. ^ a b The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
  8. ^ Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Swedish metropolitan area of Malmö (961,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
  9. ^ Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Darmstadt (501,000), Wiesbaden (453,000), and Mainz (431,000).
  10. ^ Includes Rotterdam
  11. ^ Part of the polycentric Upper Silesian urban region with a total population of 5,294,000. The region additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biala (584,000) and Rybnik (526,000).
  12. ^ Part of the wider Lille-Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
  13. ^ Includes Kortrijk
  14. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 6,011,000.
  15. ^ When combined with the Augsburg metropolitan area (606,000), the region has a total population of 3,271,000.
  16. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 3,714,000/
  17. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
  18. ^ Excludes Southampton
  19. ^ a b c Polycentric metropolitan area
  20. ^ a b c d e f Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
  21. ^ a b Excludes Duisburg, Krefeld, Mönchen-Gladbach
  22. ^ a b c Excludes Bonn
  23. ^ Includes The Hague
  24. ^ Includes Duisburg
  25. ^ Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.
  26. ^ Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan of Pinerolo is included.
  27. ^ Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto is included.
  28. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) Lưu trữ 2015-09-24 tại Wayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243

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